About git : Git-push-requires-username-and-password

Question Detail

I cloned a Git repository from my GitHub account to my PC.

I want to work with both my PC and laptop, but with one GitHub account.

When I try to push to or pull from GitHub using my PC, it requires a username and password, but not when I’m using the laptop!

I don’t want to type my username and password every time I interact with origin. What am I missing here?

Question Answer

A common cause is cloning using the default (HTTPS) instead of SSH. You can correct this by going to your repository, clicking “Clone or download”, then clicking the “Use SSH” button above the URL field and updating the URL of your origin remote like this:
git remote set-url origin [email protected]:username/repo.git

You can check if you have added the remote as HTTPS or SSH using:
git remote -v

This is documented at GitHub: Switching remote URLs from HTTPS to SSH.
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Permanently authenticating with Git repositories
Run the following command to enable credential caching:
$ git config credential.helper store
$ git push https://github.com/owner/repo.git

Username for ‘https://github.com’:
Password for ‘https://[email protected]’:

You should also specify caching expire,
git config –global credential.helper ‘cache –timeout 7200’

After enabling credential caching, it will be cached for 7200 seconds (2 hour).
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I just came across the same problem, and the simplest solution I found was to use SSH URL instead of HTTPS one:

ssh://[email protected]/username/repo.git

And not this:

https://github.com/username/repo.git

You can now validate with just the SSH key instead of the username and password.
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Apart from changing to SSH you can also keep using HTTPS, if you don’t mind to put your password in clear text. Put this in your ~/.netrc and it won’t ask for your username/password (at least on Linux and Mac):

machine github.com
login
password

Addition (see VonC’s second comment): on Windows the file name is %HOME%\_netrc.

Also read VonC’s first comment in case you want to encrypt.

Another addition (see user137717’s comment) which you can use if you have Git 1.7.10 or newer.

Cache your GitHub password in Git using a credential helper:

If you’re cloning GitHub repositories using HTTPS, you can use a
credential helper to tell Git to remember your GitHub username and
password every time it talks to GitHub.

This also works on Linux, Mac, and Windows.
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For the uninitiated who are confused by the previous answers, you can do:

git remote -v

Which will respond with something like

origin https://[email protected]/yourname/yourrepo.git (fetch)
origin https://[email protected]/yourname/yourrepo.git (push)

Then you can run the command many other have suggested, but now you know yourname and yourrepo from above, so you can just cut and paste yourname/yourrepo.git from the above into:

git remote set-url origin [email protected]:yourname/yourrepo.git

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If you’re using SSH and your private key is encrypted with a passphrase, then you’ll still be prompted to enter the passphrase/password for the private key when you do network operations with Git like push, pull, and fetch.

Use ssh-agent to save the private key passphrase/password credentials

If you want to avoid having to enter your passphrase every time, you can use ssh-agent to store your private key passphrase credentials once per terminal session, as I explain in my answer to Could not open a connection to your authentication agent:

$ eval `ssh-agent -s`
$ ssh-add

In a Windows msysgit Bash, you need to evaluate the output of ssh-agent, but I’m not sure if you need to do the same in other development environments and operating systems.

ssh-add looks for a private key in your home .ssh folder called id_rsa, which is the default name, but you can pass a filepath to a key with a different name.

Killing the agent

When you’re done with your terminal session, you can shutdown ssh-agent with the kill flag -k:

$ ssh-agent -k

As explained in the ssh-agent manual:

-k

Kill the current agent (given by the SSH_AGENT_PID environment variable).

Optional timeout

Also, it can take an optional timeout parameter like so:

$ ssh-add -t

where is of the format h for hours, m for minutes, and so on.

According to the ssh-agent manual:

-t life

Set a default value for the maximum lifetime of identities added to the agent. The lifetime may be specified in seconds or in a
time format specified in sshd_config(5). A lifetime specified for an identity with ssh-add(1) overrides this value. Without this option the default maximum lifetime is forever.

See this page for more time formats.

Security warning for Cygwin users

Cygwin users should be aware of a potential security risk with using ssh-agent in Cygwin:

people should be cognizant of the
potential dangers of ssh-agent under Cygwin 1, though under a local netstat and remote portscan it does not appear that the port specified in /tmp/ssh-foo is accessible to anyone …?

[1]: http://www.cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2001-01/msg00063.html

And at the cited link:

however, note that Cygwin’s Unix domain sockets are FUNDAMENTALLY INSECURE and so I strongly DISCOURAGE usage of ssh-agent under Cygwin.

when you run ssh-agent under Cygwin it creates AF_UNIX socket in /tmp/ssh-$USERNAME/ directory. Under Cygwin AF_UNIX sockets are emulated via AF_INET sockets. You can easily see that if you’ll look into /tmp/ssh-$USERNAME/agent-socket-* file via Notepad. You’ll see something like

!2080

then run netstat -a and surprise! You have some program listening to port 2080. It’s ssh-agent. When ssh receives an RSA challenge from the server, it refers to corresponding /tmp/ssh-$USERNAME/agent-socket-* (under Cygwin, in our case, that means it’ll open connection to localhost:2080) and asks ssh-agent to process the RSA challenge with the private key it has, and then it simply passes the response received from the ssh-agent to the server.

Under Unix, such a scenario works without problems, because the Unix kernel checks permissions when the program tries to access an AF_UNIX socket. For AF_INET sockets, however, connections are anonymous (read
“insecure”). Imagine, that you have the Cygwin ssh-agent running. A malicious hacker may portscan your box, locate open port used by ssh-agent, open a connection to your SSH server, receive the RSA challenge from it, send it to your ssh-agent via an open port he/she found, receive the RSA response, send it to the SSH server and voila, he/she successfully logged in to your server as you.

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Source: Set Up Git

The following command will save your password in memory for some time (for Git 1.7.10 or newer).

$ git config –global credential.helper cache
# Set git to use the credential memory cache

$ git config –global credential.helper ‘cache –timeout=3600’
# Set the cache to timeout after one hour (setting is in seconds)

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When you use https for Git pull & push, just configure remote.origin.url for your project, to avoid input username (or/and password) every time you push.

How to configure remote.origin.url:

URL format:
https://{username:password@}github.com/{owner}/{repo}

Parameters in URL:

* username
Optional, the username to use when needed. authentication,
if specified, no need to enter username again when need authentication.
Don’t use email; use your username that has no “@”, otherwise the URL can’t be parsed correctly,
* password
optional, the password to use when need authentication.
If specified, there isn’t any need to enter the password again when needing authentication.
Tip:
this value is stored as plain text, so for security concerns, don’t specify this parameter,
*

e.g
git config remote.origin.url https://[email protected]/eric/myproject

@Update – using ssh

I think using ssh protocol is a better solution than https, even though the setup step is a little more complex.

Rough steps:

Create ssh keys using command, e.g ssh-keygen on Linux, on windows msysgit provide similar commands.
Keep the private key on the local machine at a proper location, e.g., ~/.ssh. And add it to the ssh agent via ssh-add command.
Upload the public key to the Git server.
Change remote.origin.url of the Git repository to ssh style, e.g., [email protected]:myaccount/myrepo.git
Then when pull or push, there isn’t any need to enter the username or password ever.

Tips:

If your ssh key has a passphrase, then you need to input it on first use of the key after each restart of your machine, by default.

@Update – Switch between https and ssh protocol.

Simply changing remote.origin.url will be enough, or you can edit repo_home/.git/config directly to change the value (e.g using vi on Linux).

Usually I add a line for each protocol, and comment out one of them using #.

E.g.

[remote “origin”]
url = [email protected]:myaccount/myrepo.git
# url = https://[email protected]/myaccount/myrepo.git
fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*

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You can cache your GitHub password in Git:

Just follow the instructions from GitHub’s official documentation.

After following the instructions from the above link, you should be able to push/pull to/from your repository without typing your username/password every time.
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If you’ve got 2FA enabled on your Github account, your regular password won’t work for this purpose, but you can generate a Personal Access Token and use that in its place instead.

Visit the Settings -> Developer Settings -> Personal Access Tokens page in GitHub (https://github.com/settings/tokens/new), and generate a new Token with all Repo permissions:

The page will then display the new token value. Save this value and use it in place of your password when pushing to your repository on GitHub:

> git push origin develop
Username for ‘https://github.com’:
Password for ‘https://@github.com’:

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Here’s another option:

Instead of writing

git push origin HEAD

You could write:

git push https://user:[email protected]/path HEAD

Obviously, with most shells this will result in the password getting cached in history, so keep that in mind.
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What worked for me was to edit .git/config and use

[remote “origin”]
url = https://:@gitlab.com(…).git

It goes without saying that this is an insecure way of storing your password but there are environments/cases where this may not be a problem.
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If the SSH key or .netrc file did not work for you, then another simple, but less secure solution, that could work for you is git-credential-store – Helper to store credentials on disk:

git config –global credential.helper store

By default, credentials will be saved in file ~/.git-credentials. It will be created and written to.

Please note using this helper will store your passwords unencrypted on disk, protected only by filesystem permissions. If this may not be an acceptable security tradeoff.
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I had the same issue.

So I changed the .git/config file from my project,

url = https://github.com//

to

url = [email protected]:/

and added the SSH public key to the Git profile which is in setting.

For the SSH public key:

cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

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Updating your Git configuration file directly (if you do not want to memorize fancy commands):

Open your .git/config file in your favorite text editor. It will be in the folder that you cloned or in the repository that you performed git init in. Go into that repository. .git is a hidden folder, and pressing Ctrl + H should show the hidden folder, (ls -a in terminal).

Below is a sample of the .git/config file. Copy and paste these lines and be sure to update those lines with your Git information.

[user]
name = Tux
email = [email protected]
username = happy_feet

[remote “origin”]
url = https://github.com/happy_feet/my_code.git
fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*

Change the URL part with the following format for SSH:

url = [email protected]:happy_feet/my_code.git

(The above formats do not change with various Git remote servers like GitHub or Bitbucket. It’s the same if you are using Git for version control):

Note: The SSH way of connecting to a remote Git repository will require you to add your public SSH key to your Git remote server (like GitHub or Bitbucket. Search the settings page for SSH keys).

To know how to generate your SSH keys, refer to:
Creating SSH keys
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If you have cloned HTTPS instead of SSH and facing issue with username and password prompt on pull, push and fetch. You can solve this problem simply for UBUNTU

Step 1:
move to root directory

cd ~/

create a file .git-credentials

Add this content to that file with you usename password and githosting URL

https://user:[email protected]

Then execute the command

git config –global credential.helper store

Now you will be able to pull push and fetch all details from your repo without any hassle.
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This is what worked for me:

git remote set-url origin https://[email protected]/username/reponame.git

Example:

git remote set-url origin https://[email protected]/jsmith/master.git

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For Windows Git users, after running git config –global credential.helper store, if it still prompts for a password, you’d better check where the configuration file is written to, using this command

git config –list –show-origin

In my case, after manually editing configuration file ‘C:\Program Files\Git\mingw64\etc\gitconfig’, and adding the following text, it worked.

[credential]
helper = store

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You basically have two options.

If you use the same user on both machines you need to copy the .pub key to your PC, so GitHub knows that you are the same user.

If you have created a new .pub file for your PC and want to treat the machines as different users, you need to register the new .pub file on the GitHub website.

If this still doesn’t work it might be because ssh is not configured correctly and that ssh fail to find the location of your keys. Try

ssh -vv [email protected]

To get more information why SSH fails.
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Update for HTTPS:

GitHub has launched a new program for Windows that stores your credentials when you’re using HTTPS:

To use:

Download the program from here
Once you run the program, it will edit your .gitconfig file. Recheck if it edited the correct .gitconfig in case you have several of them. If it didn’t edit the correct one, add the following to your .gitconfig

[credential]
helper = !’C:\\Path\\To\\Your\\Downloaded\\File\\git-credential-winstore.exe’

NOTE the line break after [credential]. It is required.
Open up your command line client and try git push origin master once. If it asks you for a password, enter it and you’re through. Password saved!

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You need to perform two steps –

git remote remove origin
git remote add origin [email protected]:NuggetAI/nugget.git

Notice the Git URL is a SSH URL and not an HTTPS URL… Which you can select from here:

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List your current SSH keys:
ls -l ~/.ssh

Generate a new SSH key:
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C “[email protected]”

where you should replace [email protected] with your GitHub email
address.
When prompted to Enter a file in which to save the key, press
Enter.
Upon Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase) – just press
Enter (for an empty passphrase).
List the your SSH keys again:
ls -l ~/.ssh

The files id_ed25519 and id_ed25519.pub should now have been added.
Start the ssh-agent in the background:
eval $(ssh-agent -s)

Add your SSH private key to the ssh-agent:
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

Next output the public key to the terminal screen:
cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub

Copy the output to the clipboard
(Ctrl + Insert).
Go to https://github.com/ and sign in with your
username and password.
Click your GitHub avatar in the upper-right corner, and then Settings.
In the left pane click SSH and GPG keys.
Click the green-colored button New SSH key
and paste the public SSH key into the textarea labeled Key.
Use a descriptive Title that tells from what computer you will
use this SSH key. Click Add SSH key.

If your current local repository was created with http and username,
it needs to be recreated it so as to become SSH compatible.
First check to make sure that you have a clean working tree
so that you don’t lose any work:
git status

Then cd .. to the parent directory and rm -fr .
Finally clone a fresh copy that uses SSH instead of username/password:
git clone [email protected]:[your-github-username]/[repository-name].git

References:
https://docs.github.com/en/free-pro-team@latest/github/authenticating-to-github/generating-a-new-ssh-key-and-adding-it-to-the-ssh-agent
https://docs.github.com/en/free-pro-team@latest/github/authenticating-to-github/adding-a-new-ssh-key-to-your-github-account
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For Mac OS

Go to your Github Settings -> Developer Settings -> Personal Access Tokens page in GitHub (https://github.com/settings/tokens/new), and generate a new Token with all Repo permissions
Search Keychain Access in your mac -> search for github.com -> click Show password then paste the token you just copied.
Go to the CLI, it will ask again for username and password, enter your Github username and paste the token as password, and you should be good to go for the rest of the times you are using the CLI.

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As of 2021, there is a secure user-friendly cross-platform solution for HTTPS remotes. No more typing passwords! No more SSH keys! No more personal access tokens!
Install Git Credential Manager developed by GitHub (downloads). It supports passwordless in-browser OAuth authentication to GitHub, BitBucket, Azure and GitLab. This means you can enable two-factor authentication on GitHub and the other platforms, greatly improving the security of your accounts.
When you push, you are offered a choice of authentication methods:
> git push
Select an authentication method for ‘https://github.com/’:
1. Web browser (default)
2. Device code
3. Personal access token
option (enter for default): 1
info: please complete authentication in your browser…

On Linux, a tiny bit of setup is required. The following caches credentials in memory for 20 hours, so you have to authenticate at most once per day.
git-credential-manager-core configure
git config –global credential.credentialStore cache
git config –global credential.cacheoptions “–timeout 72000”

Power users familiar with gnome-keyring or KWallet may prefer to change the credential store to libsecret.
Cosmetic configuration (docs):

Prefer choosing authentication method at terminal rather than in GUI (fewer clicks)
Always use browser method rather than be asked every time (even fewer keypresses)

git config –global credential.guiPrompt false
git config –global credential.gitHubAuthModes browser

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If you are using Git (for example, Git Bash) under Windows
(and if you don’t want to switch from HTTPS to SSH), you could also use Git Credential Manager for Windows

This application will keep the username and password for you…
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As many users has said, you just have to change your Git repository URL from HTTPS to SSH.

If you haven’t generated a SSH key in your machine, then your are going to have to do it.

Just as an additional information, after doing this change I still was getting the same error:

Permission Denied.

In my case, the problem was that I was using the Windows Shell to execute the ngh command; since this command should open a prompt to request the SSH phrase and the Windows Shell doesn’t open these kinds of prompts, the authentication just failed.

So, I just had to open the Git shell and execute the ngh command there, put the SSH phrase in the prompt every time it asked for it and “voilà”… It just worked fine!
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# gen the pub and priv keys
# use “strange” naming convention, because those WILL BE more than 10 …
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C “[email protected]” -f ~/.ssh/[email protected]@`hostname -s`

# set the git alias ONLY this shell session
alias git=’GIT_SSH_COMMAND=”ssh -i ~/.ssh/[email protected].`hostname -s`” git’

# who did what when and why
git log –pretty –format=’%h %ai %<(15)%ae ::: %s' # set the git msg export git_msg='issue-123 my important commit msg' # add all files ( danger !!! ) and commit them with the msg git add --all ; git commit -m "$git_msg" --author "Me